When the weakened virus (viral vector) gets into your cells, it delivers genetic material from the COVID-19 virus that gives your cells instructions to make copies of the S protein. In this type of vaccine, genetic material from the COVID-19 virus is placed in a different kind of weakened live virus, such as an adenovirus. The Janssen/Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine is a vector vaccine. A longer interval might increase protection against COVID-19 and reduce the risk of rare heart problems, such as myocarditis and pericarditis. An eight-week interval between the first and second doses might be best for some people, especially males ages 12 to 39. The shortest interval between the first and second doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines is still recommended for people who have weakened immune systems, people age 65 and older and others who need rapid protection due to concern about community transmission or risk of severe illness. For people age 65 and older, the vaccine is 79% effective. Research done before the spread of the delta and omicron variants has shown that the vaccine is 90% effective at preventing mild, moderate and severe disease with COVID-19. It requires two shots, given three to eight weeks apart. This vaccine is available under an emergency use authorization for people age 12 and older. If you get this vaccine, be sure to understand the risks and symptoms of the blood-clotting problem. Examples include people who had a severe allergic reaction after getting an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and people who can't get an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine due to limited access or personal or religious concerns. Due to the risk of a potentially life-threatening blood-clotting problem, the FDA is restricting use of the Janssen/Johnson & Johnson vaccine to certain people age 18 and older. The vaccine also was 85% effective at preventing severe disease with COVID-19 - at least 28 days after vaccination. In clinical trials, this vaccine was 66% effective in preventing the COVID-19 virus with symptoms - as of 14 days after vaccination. This vaccine is available under an emergency use authorization.
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